[Colored emphasis below is mine.]
A phase 2 study of intralesional PV-10 followed by radiotherapy for localized in transit or recurrent metastatic melanoma.
Author(s): Matthew C Foote, Bryan H Burmeister, Janine Thomas, Tavis Read, Bernard Mark Smithers; Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Background: Intralesional rose bengal (IL PV-10) can elicit ablation of injected tumors and a T-cell mediated abscopal effect in untreated lesions. Phase 2 testing in patients with Stage III-IV melanoma yielded a 51% objective response rate (ORR) with 50% complete response (CR) when all disease was injected. Three patients who progressed received external beam radiotherapy (XRT) to their recurrent lesions with an impressive response without an increased radiation reaction. Methods: An open-label, single-arm phase 2 study was performed to assess efficacy and safety of IL PV-10 followed by XRT. Eligibility included recurrent localized dermal, subcutaneous, in-transit or metastatic malignant melanoma (stage IIIb / IIIc) suitable for intralesional therapy and XRT. Patients received a single course of PV-10 into lesions treatable within a localized radiotherapy field. If CR was not achieved patients received 30 Gy (6 fractions of 5 Gy twice weekly over 3 weeks) 3D conformal radiotherapy (photons or electrons) commencing 6-10 weeks after PV-10. Outcome assessments included ORR and clinical benefit (CR+PR+SD) of in-field target lesions by RECIST criteria, toxicity using CTCAE V3.0, and progression free survival (PFS). Results: There were 15 patients enrolled with 13 completing the radiotherapy component. Two patients had rapidly progressive distant disease following PV-10 injection. The mean age of patients was 69 years. With a median follow up duration of 19.3 months the overall response rate was 87% (CR 33%, PR 53%) with 93% clinical benefit on an intent-to-treat basis. The mean time to best response was 3.8 months, mean duration of complete response (PFS) 12.2 months, overall loco regional progression rate 80% and melanoma specific survival 65.5 months. Size of metastases ( < 10mm) predicted potential for lesion complete response. Treatments were well tolerated with no treatment associated grade 4 or 5 adverse events. Conclusions: The combination of IL PV-10 and radiotherapy resulted in lesion specific, normal tissue sparing, ablation of melanoma tumors with minimal local or systemic adverse effects. The study results justify expanded evaluation in a randomized trial.
Intralesional rose bengal for treatment of melanoma.
Author(s): Sanjiv S. Agarwala, Robert Hans Ingemar Andtbacka, Kristen N. Rice, Merrick I. Ross, Charles Raben Scoggins, Bernard Mark Smithers, Eric D. Whitman, Eric Andrew Wachter; St. Luke's Hospital and Health Network and Temple University, Bethlehem, PA; Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; Medcl Onc Assoc of San Diego, San Diego, CA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; Princess Alexandra Hospital and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Atlantic Melanoma Ctr, Morristown, NJ; Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, Knoxville, TN
Background: Intralesional rose bengal (PV-10) is an investigational small molecule ablative immunotherapy that can elicit primary ablation of injected tumors and secondary T-cell activation. Phase 2 testing in Stage III-IV melanoma yielded a 51% objective response rate (ORR) with 50% complete response (CR) when all disease was injected. PV-10 is currently undergoing phase 3 testing as a single agent in patients with locally advanced cutaneous melanoma and phase 1b testing in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition for more advanced disease. Methods: Study PV-10-MM-31 (NCT02288897) is an international multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial of PV-10 versus investigator’s choice of chemotherapy (dacarbazine or temozolomide) or oncolytic viral therapy (talimogene laherparepvec). A total of 225 subjects with locally advanced cutaneous melanoma (Stage IIIB or Stage IIIC recurrent, satellite or in-transit melanoma) randomized 2:1 will be assessed for progression free survival (PFS) by RECIST 1.1 (using blinded Independent Review Committee assessment of study photography and radiology data). Comprehensive disease assessments, including review of photography and radiology data, are performed at 12 week intervals; clinical assessments of progression status are performed at 28-day intervals. Study PV-10-MM-1201 (NCT02557321) is an international multicenter, open-label, sequential phase study of PV-10 in combination with pembrolizumab. Stage IV metastatic melanoma patients with at least one injectable cutaneous or subcutaneous lesion who are candidates for pembrolizumab are eligible. In the current phase 1b portion of the study, up to 24 subjects will receive the combination of PV-10 and pembrolizumab (PV-10 + standard of care). In phase 2 an estimated 120 participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive either PV-10 and pembrolizumab or pembrolizumab alone. The primary endpoint for phase 1b is safety and tolerability with PFS a key secondary endpoint; PFS is the primary endpoint for phase 2. Clinical trial information: NCT02288897
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